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SQL_PREPARE action


Function


The action prepares the execution of the SQL command SELECT.


Declaration


 SQL_PREPARE handleIdent_Int, retCodeIdent_Int, selectStringExpr BIND _locVar1, _locVar2, ...
 

 SQL_PREPARE handleIdent_Int, retCodeIdent_Int, selectStringExpr BIND _locVarRowIdent
 

 SQL_PREPARE handleIdent_Int, retCodeIdent_Int, selectStringExpr BIND _locVarRecordIdent
 

 SQL_PREPARE handleIdent_Int, retCodeIdent_Int, selectStringExpr BINDOUT _locVar1, _locVar2, ...
 

 SQL_PREPARE handleIdent_Int, retCodeIdent_Int, selectStringExpr BINDOUT _locVarRowIdent
 

 SQL_PREPARE handleIdent_Int, retCodeIdent_Int, selectStringExpr BINDOUT _locVarRecordIdent 

Parameters


handleIdent_Int in Identifier - the unique number (handle) of a connection.
retCodeIdent_Int out Return code identifier.
selectStringExpr in Expression of Text type.
_locVar1, _locVar2, ... in List of local variables.
_locVarRowIdent in Reference to a row of local variable of Record type.
_locVarRecordIdent in Identifier of local variable of Record type.

Return code
The value of the parameter transHandle_Int. See the table of error codes. It is possible to get extended error information.

Description


Reading a database by the command SELECT is implemented in two or three phases.
The first (preparatory) phase is executed by the action SQL_PREPARE. The command SELECT, defined by a value of the expression selectStringExpr, is prepared (and if the keyword BINDOUT is not used, then also executed) in the database (specified by a value of the identifier handleIdent_Int). Success of the action is indicated by a value of retCodeIdent_Int.
The second phase is required if the keyword BINDOUT was used. This keyword means that the expression selectStringExpr used parametrization and it is necessary to use the command SQL_BINDIN to specify the input parameters of the expression selectStringExpr before actual execution of the SQL statement.
The last phase is the sequential reading of the rows, prepared by the command SELECT, using the action SQL_FETCH.

Values read are saved into local variables listed after the keyword BIND or BINDOUT of the action SQL_PREPARE. There are three possible variants:

  1. List of non-structured local variables.
    Reading is executed row by row into local variables, which are listed after the key word BIND or BINDOUT.

  2. Reference to one row of local variable of Record type.
    Reading is executed one row into one row of the local variable. The structure of data that are read must be the same as the structure of the local variable.

  3. Reference to local variable of Record type.
    Reading is executed either one or more rows of the local variable. Its size may be changed as necessary before the result. The structure of data that are read must be the same as the structure of the local variable.

One reading (gained by the action SQL_CONNECT) may be active just for one handle. The action SQL_PREPARE will cancel the validity of the previous action. The action SQL_FREE allows to finish a reading.

Note: by using parameterization it is possible to make the work of SQL database easier, because the preparation (compilation) of parameterized SQL query will be performed only once (by the action SQL_PREPARE). Consequently the values of parameters must be specified by the action SQL_BINDIN (which will also execute the SQL command) and then the action SQL_FETCH may be called once or more times to obtain the results. Then it is possible to set new values of the parameters and re-execute the SQL command by repeating the action SQL_BINDIN and obtain the new results by one or more calls of the action SQL_FETCH.
By proper setting of the database parameters (e.g. Oracle: session_cached_cursors) it is possible to ensure recycling of cursors (compiled statements) between the calls of SQL_PREPARE.


Example


Work with a database (actions SQL_ ...)

 BOOL _useBinding = @TRUE ; use parameterized SQL command
 INT  _handle    ; handle to database
 INT  _retCode   ; return code
 TEXT _name      ; product name
 TEXT _type      ; product type
 
                 ; parameterized SQL command
 TEXT _sqlPar =  "SELECT Name, Type FROM Products WHERE ID>= #PAR# AND ID<= #PAR#" 
 
                 ; non-parameterized SQL command
 TEXT _sqlNpar =  "SELECT Name, Type FROM Products WHERE ID>= 1 AND ID<= 100" 
 
 SQL_CONNECT MyDatabase, _handle, _retCode
 
 IF _useBinding THEN ; parameterized alternative
   SQL_PREPARE _handle, _retCode, _sqlPar BINDOUT _name, _type
   SQL_BINDIN  _handle, _retCode, 1, 100 ; read all products between 1 and 100
 ELSE ; non-parametrized alternative
   SQL_PREPARE _handle, _retCode, _sqlNpar BIND _name, _type
 ENDIF
 
 DO_LOOP
   SQL_FETCH _handle, _retCode
   EXIT_LOOP _retCode #  _ERR_NO_ERROR
   ; data processing goes here
 END_LOOP
 
 SQL_FREE _handle
 SQL_DISCONNECT _handle
 


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