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GPIO protocol


Supported device types and versions
Communication line configuration
Communication station configuration
I/O tag configuration
Literature
Changes and modifications
Document revisions


Supported device types and versions

Protocol supports communication via GPIO (General Purpose I/O) interface on Raspberry PI and computers built on a RPI Compute Module. Currently supported are:

  • Raspberry PI (version 2 and 3) based on pigpio library
  • Techbase NPE-X500 M3  (DIN-mounted industrial computer built on RPI Compute Module 3 with optional industrial inputs and outputs)

The communication was tested with Raspberry PI (version 3) and NPE-X500-M3-MAX-3G.

The protocol allows reading of digital and analog inputs (in case of NPE-X500 also a value of user button), writing to digital outputs (for NPE-X500 also setting relay outputs, working with user LEDs and a buzzer).

Communication line configuration


  • communication line category: API.
  • By default, a single line with a single station is configured for one device. If there is a need to stop communication with selected inputs/outputs, there may be several stations on one line. Due to the load distribution or for the rapid reading of the digital inputs, several lines with one or more stations per-line can be configured.


Communication line parameters


Communication line - configuration dialog box - the Protocol parameter tab.
Parameters defined in the field have effect on some optional protocol parameters. There can be defined the following line protocol parameters:


Table 1

Full nameDescriptionUnits / sizeDefault value

Device Type

Type of device. Currently supported are::

  • Raspberry PI
  • NPE-X500


-Raspberry PI

Library Name

Name of library with communication functions for a particular device. The used values are:

  • libpigpio.so for Raspberry PI
  • libx1000gpio.so for NPE-X500
--

Read Delay Ms

Delay after one reading of the values of all I/O tags. Using this parameter, it is possible to control the reading frequency more finely than using the polling parameters in the configuration of time parameters of the station.

ms

1

Communication station configuration


  • Communication protocol: GPIO Protocol.
  • Station address: n/a.


I/O tag configuration


Possible I/O tag types: Ai, Ao, Ci, Co, Di, Do.


The address format of the I/O tag depends on the device type.


I/O tag addresses for Raspberry PI

In the following table, id defines the number of ping in BCM (Broadcom) numbering.

Following image copied from http://pinout.xyz shows the BCM pin numbering on the GPIO connector:


AddressDescriptionI/O tag typeExamples

DI,id
DI_UP,id
DI_DOWN,id

The GPIO pin will be configured as a digital input. If the voltage of 3.3V is applied to it, the value of input will be 1. If 0V (ground) voltage is applied to it, the value of input will be 0.
Variants DI_UP and DI_DOWN configure the internal pull-up resp. pull-down resistors, so the voltage 3.3V (DI_UP) or ground (DI_DOWN) is connected to the input via the resistor, so even without external voltage applied the input is in a defined state. The DI variant configures the pin so that the pull-up/pull-down resistors are disconnected.
Note: pigpio library supports reading from GPIO pins 0-53.

Di, Ci, AiDI,25
DI_UP,24

DO,id

The GPIO pin will be configured as a digital output. If a value of 1 is written to it, the output will be 3.3V. If 0 is written, output voltage will be 0V (ground).
Note: pigpio library supports writing to GPIO pins 0-53.

Dout, Co, Ao

DO,24

TRIGGER,id[,filter]
TRIGGER_UP,id[,filter]
TRIGGER_DOWN,id[,filter]

The GPIO pin will be configured as an counter of input events with an optional filter. The counter can register rising signal edges 0V → 3.3V (TRIGGER_UP), falling edges 3.3V → 0V (TRIGGER_DOWN) and arbitrary signal changes (TRIGGER).
Parameter filter is used to set a time filter (in microseconds) to filter the noise (if there is shorter time interval between two events than filter, the second event is ignored).  If not specified, all events are considered.
The value of the I/O tag is equal to the number of registered events, the maximum value being 2^31-1 i.e. 2147483647 and then the counter goes again from 0.
Note: The pigpio library uses a standard input sampling with period of 5 microseconds, i.e. with a frequency of 200 kHz.

Ci, Ai

TRIGGER,24

TRIGGER,25,1000

PWM,id

The GPIO pin will be configured as PWM (pulse width modulation) output. It is then possible to write values 0-255 controlling the width of pulse from fully off to fully on.
Note: pigpio library supports PWM output for GPIO pins 0-31.

Dout, Co, AoPWM,12
REVISON

The revision of the hardware (the number from the "Revision" line from the /proc/cpuinfo file. For example, for RPI 3 in this file is the row "Revision        : a02082" and the revision value is 10494082 (after conversion from hexadecimal system).

CiREVISON



I/O tag addresses for NPE-X500

In the following table, id defines the number of input/output (e.g. DI, DO, AO). The number of inputs and outputs depends on the particular model. The notes are referring to the NPE-X500-M3-MAX-3G that was tested.
Note 1: Output points whose addresses contain _BUF use a buffered writing. This allows the values of such objects not only to be written, but also to be read, which can be useful, for example, after the start of the KOM process.
Note 2: With the tested model, the reading of the digital input took less than 1 ms, while the reading the analog input took approximately 20 ms.

AddressDescriptionI/O tag type

Examples

DI,id

Digital input (DI)
Note: The tested device under had inputs DI1-DI4. The value 0 means that the input is connected to the ground, the value 1 means that the input is disconnected from the ground and has a 3.3 V voltage supplied by the device.

Di, Ci, AiDI,1
DI,2

DO,id
DO_BUF,id

Digital output (DO). If buffered (DO_BUFF), the value is also read (during startup and periodically).
Note: The tested device had open collector outputs DO1-DO4, i.e. by writing the value 1 the output is connected to the ground.

Dout, Co, Ao

DO,1
DO_BUF,4

DIO,id
DIO_BUF,id

Digital input/output. Based on I/O tag type, the GPIO port is configured as input (Di, Ci, Ai) or output (Dout, Co, Ao).
If the I/O tag configured as output is also buffered (DIO_BUFF), the value is also read (during startup and periodically).
Note: The device tested had digital inputs/outputs DIO1-DIO4 configurable in pairs (i.e., 1 and 2 resp. 3 and 4 must be configured the same way - as input or output).

Input: Di, Ci, Ai
Output: Dout, Co, Ao		DIO,2
DIO_BUF,3
RELAY,id
RELAY_BUF,id

Relay output. If buffered (RELAY_BUFF), the value is also read (during startup and periodically).
Note: The tested device did not have any relay outputs, so this functionality is not tested.

Dout, Co, AoRELAY,1
RELAY_BUF,2
AI,id

Analog input (AI).
Note: The tested device had analog inputs AI1-AI4 with 12-bit A/D converters that converted the input voltage 0-10 V to a number 0-4095.

Ci, Ai

AI,1
AI,3

LED,id
LED_BUF,id

LED output. If buffered (LED_BUFF), the value is also read (during startup and periodically).
Note: the tested device had two LEDs (red LED,1 and green LED,2) that lighted up after writing 1 and went out after writing 0.

Dout, Co, AoLED,1
LED_BUF,2
BUZZER
BUZZER_BUF

Buzzer. If buffered (BUZZER_BUFF), buzzer status is also read (during startup and periodically).
Note: The tested device had a buzzer that started to output a tone after writing 1 and became silent after writing 0.

Dout, Co, AoBUZZER
BUZZER_BUF
BUTTON
BUTTON_BUF

User button status.
Note: The tested device had a button that behaved like a DI - it had normally value of 1 and when pressed, had value of 0.

Di, Ci, AiBUTTON



Literature


Changes and modifications




Document revisions


  • Ver. 1.0 - August 30th, 2018 – Document created


Related pages:

Communication protocols

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