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Every ESL script consists of a sequence of actions executed when the script is activated. The actions are defined in the script editor environment.
Parts of action declarations enclosed in square brackets [ ] are optional. The symbol | (i.e. OR) expresses a possibility of an alternative notation.

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The list of the actions types. The following list describes the basic set of actions, which are available in both script applications (object of Event type, Active picture).
Actions may be divided into the following basic categories (types):

• assignment actions
• action for accessing a database
• actions for handling error states
• control actions
• actions for communication with the operator
• archive manipulation actions
• actions for synchronisation of script actions execution
• controlling alarms
• structure manipulation actions
• data container manipulation actions
• access right manipulation actions
• actions for manipulation with a list of objectobjects
• other actions

Note: the D2000 System allows to the use of JAVA language to write the applications. The equivalents of ESL actions are stated in the extra html files available in the D2000 System installation directory - subdirectory Help.

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Assignment actions

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Assignment actions allow to change changing values and references of :

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Groups of actions, which use various methods for accessing data, are intended for working with a table of a database.
If an error occurs while working with a database, the numerical code that describes it closely may be acquired by calling the function %GetLastExtErrorCode. More detailed information about the error may be acquired by %GetLastExtErrorMsg function.
The first method uses the existence of a key or a WHERE condition. According to the way of action notation, it allows to write writing/ read reading one or several lines.

• DB_CONNECT
• DB_DELETE
• DB_DISCONNECT
• DB_INSERT
• DB_INSUPD
• DB_READ
• DB_READ_BLOB
• DB_SET_PROCESS_PARAMS
• DB_UPDATE
• DB_UPDATE_BLOB

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The second method uses paging, where the page size (line number in a database table) is optional.

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• DBS_DELETE
• DBS_INSERT
• DBS_INSUPD
• DBS_READ
• DBS_READ_BLOB
• DBS_UPDATE
• DBS_UPDATE_BLOB

The last method allows to use using of the whole scale of SQL commands to work with a database.

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Reading a database by means of the command SELECT

• SQL_PREPARE
• SQL_BINDIN
• SQL_FETCH
• SQL_FREE

Example: work with a database (actions SQL_ ...)

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To force refreshing displayed data in user's views in process the D2000 HI process (e.g. displayer of Browser type) use the action:

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• change of data in the table
• deleting of table
• switching from active to a passive instance of the process DbManagerDbManager process 
• refreshing of displayed data via action DB_REFRESH_TABLE

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Transfer of handle to database connection between the running ESL scripts

Conversion and representation of values in the database

Writing

When writing the value of a variable (in most of situationscases)  of local structured variable array into the database, it may be converted in two ways: if it is valid, it is written in a standard way. If it is invalid, NULL value is written into database. For TEXT type, this rule works in the same way, except for ORACLE, in which an empty text is represented by a NULL value (as the invalid value).

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After reading the value (which is different from NULL) from the database, it will be converted to the required type, which is defined by a value type to which the result of the reading is stored. If the conversion is done successfully, the resultant value is valid. When reading the NULL value, the resultant value is invalid. For TEXT type, NULL value in database is converted to a valid empty text string. The only exception is the reading by DB_READ/DBS_READ script action on ORACLE OCI platform, when a NULL value is converted to invalid one.

The table below illustrates the result of writing and reading of text value depending on the database platform.

DBS_INSERT - writing a text value into database (D2Value -> DBValue).
PG_READ, BrowserRead - reading the text value from database by PG_READ or into the Browser displayer (data displayed through OnFetchDone) (DBValue -> D2Value).
DB_READ - reading the text value by DB_READ (DBValue -> D2Value).

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Actions for handling error states

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• BEGIN
• CALL - local procedure call
• CALL - public procedure call
• CALL - remote procedure call
• DELAY
• DO_LOOP, EXIT_LOOP, END_LOOP
• ENABLE
• END
• END procedure
• EVENT
• GOSUB
• GOTO
• IF GOTO
• IF THEN [ELSE] ENDIF
• IMPLEMENTATION
• ON DB_CHANGE
• ON GOTO
• ON CHANGE
• OnExternalEvent
• PRAGMA
• PROCEDURE
• RETURN
• Control functions (with a void return value)
• WAIT

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Actions for communication with the operator

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The following actions allow to implement a dialog with the operator , or insert pictures from the operator console. It is advisable to use the predefined local variable _FROM_HIP. If the script is started from a picture (graphic object connected to control), the local variable is automatically linked to the process, where the script was started from. This allows to address work with this process:

• open, close pictures,
• send messages for the operator,
• route QUERY action.

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• various instances of events within one process D2000 Event Handler process 
• various scripts of active pictures within one process D2000 HI process 
• various scripts or globally in event instances or scripts of active pictures in the application (for D2000 Entis only !!!)

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Archive manipulation actions

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• CALCARCHEXPR

CALCARCHEXPR

• CALCARCHEXPRCALCONDEMANDSTAT
• CALCSTATFUNC
• CALCSTATFUNCARR
• DELETEARCHDATA
• GETARCHARR
• GETARCHARR_TO_CNT
• GETARCHCOL
• GETARCHROW
• GETARCHSTRUCT
• GETARCHVAL
• INSERTARCHARR
• UPDATEARCHVAL

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Data container manipulation actions

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These actions allow to work working with data storage, so-called data container (internal data structure). The owner of a container is always one running instance of the script. Data The data container can be shared between various scripts and processes.
Container The container has its a unique identifier. Container The container is automatically terminated by terminating the script, to which it belongs, or by executing the action CNT_DESTROY.
The size of a container is not specified and is only limited by the operating memory size.

Each value included in the container is uniquely determined by the so-called key.
User Users can insert, find, read and delete values into/from the container. The type of values to be inserted into the container is optional (Int, Bool, Text, Real, Time) or structures (entire structured variable, row, ...). The value type of the key must be one of Int, Bool, Text, Real or Time, but all keys in the container must be the same type.

The actions CNT_GETNR, CNT_CNVTOARRAY and CNT_GETITEM allow reading container values by index. The action CNT_CNVTOARRAY internally creates an array, that contains all container values sorted by key in ascending order. Index is a the sequence number of the value within the array.
Array The array is terminated after inserting or deleting a value into/from it.

Data container may be created by the actions CNT_CREATE (a spare container), or GETARCHARR_TO_CNT. The second type is filled by with pages containing data read from the archive.
The first access to the archive is more effective (memory consumption and partly speed) than using GETARCHARR action. Data container created by GETARCHARR_TO_CNT action can use only the actions CNT_GETNR, CNT_FIND and CNT_DESTROY (example).

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Access rights manipulation actions

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The actions allow to define defining access rights when the system is running.

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Actions for manipulation with a list of objects allow to:

• create the list of objects according to set criteria
• go on the first, previous, next or last page of the list
• go on the page on the basis of its page number
• recognize the quantity number of objects in the list (caution - it is not the quantity of objects on the page!)
• close the list

After the list has been created data are accessible on the first page immediately.
Each record in the list of object objects represents the unique identifier, name, description, type of object and number of rows and columns.

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